Magtanim ay ‘di Biro: Lived Experiences of Tobacco and Corn Farmers
Magtanim ay ‘di Biro: Lived Experiences of Tobacco and Corn Farmers
Caleb B. Etrata, Ranec A. Azarias, Joana Mae S. Egar, Ces Margarette E. Escalona, Roden J. Guanzon, Princess Jazzmine A. Elizarde, and Aira Jhen T. Palacio
Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College, Santiago Ilocos Sur, Philippines
ISSN: 2961-3035 I Volume 2 I Issue 1 I October 2022
Abstract
Tobacco and corn cultivation are both vital into the whole world due to its importance in the industry. This narrative study was conducted to describe the lived experiences of tobacco and corn farmers. The researchers formulated an aide-mémoire that was used to gather information or data. Through interviews with 10 farmers, the cool and warm analyses of the extended texts revealed the two foci of experiences: farmers' perspectives or views on farming and their difficulties in farming. Their views are dubbed as 3F’s: farming in a better perspective, farming as a sustainable livelihood, and farming as challenging. The difficulties are sustaining financial stability, crop infestation and combating climate change. These difficulties characterize the title ‘Magtanim ay ‘di biro’ which is translated as ‘Farming is not a joke’. With the findings of the study, it is clear that tobacco and corn farming post challenges or difficulties; however, farmers remain optimistic and resilient as they continue farming. As such, future studies should look into ways of helping the farmers in their pursuit for a better tomorrow.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56901/FOPK2343
References
Aglave, B. (2018). Handbook of Plant Disease Identification and Management. CRC Press.
Ahluwalia, I., Tripp, A., Dean, A., Mbulo, L., Arrazola, A., Twentyman, E., & King, B. (2021). Tobacco smoking cessation and quitline use among adults aged15 years in 31 countries: findings from the global adult tobacco survey. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60(3): 128-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.029
Appau, A., & Drope, J. (2019). Why do Farmers Grow Tobacco? A Qualitative Exploration of Farmers Perspective in Indonesia and Philippine. Int. J Environment Res Public Health, 16(3): 2330. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132330
Berlowitz, I., Torres, E., Walt, H., Wolf, U., Maake, C., & Soelch, C.M. (2020). Tobacco is the chief medicinal plant in my work: therapeutic uses of tobacco in Peruvian Amazonian medicine exemplified by the work of a maestro tabaquero. Front. Pharacetamol. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.594591.
Bo’do, S., Siahaan, H., & Ida, R. (2019). Social Media, Public Sphere and Movement Discussion of Urban Farming in Indonesia. BIRCI-Journal, 2(3): 250-261.
Burpee, (2021). All about Corn.Retrieved on May 4, 2022 from www.burpee.com
Castleberry, A., & Nolen, A. (2018). Thematic analysis of qualitative research data: Is it as easy as it sounds? Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 10(6): 807-815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2018.03.019
Caulfield, J. (2022). How to Do Thematic Analysis. Retrieved on May 3, 2022 from Scribbr.com.
Chavez, JJ, Drope, J, Li Q, & Aloria, MJ. (2016). The Economics of Tobacco Farming in the Philippines. Quezon City: Action for Economics Reforms and Atlanta: American Cancer Society.
Creswell, J., & Poth, C. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches (4th Ed.). Sage publications.
Department of Agriculture (2021). Corn Program. Retrieved on May 4, 2022
Department of Agriculture (2022). Medicinal & Veterinary Product Development. Retrieved on May 4, 2022 from nta.da.gov.ph
Edde, P. (2022). Field crop arthropod pest of economic importance. Retrieved on May 5, 2022 from sciencedirect.com
Harvesting to Table, (2016). How to Grow Corn. Retrieved on May 4, 2022 from www.harvesting.com.
Herman, R., & Vervaeck, B. (2019). Handbook of narrative analysis (2nd Ed.). U of Nebraska Press.
Joseph, N., Makana, N.E., & Tanui, P. (2018). The Tobacco Monopoly in Sirisia: Bureaucratic Enterprise and Economic Change. International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 4(3).
Kaul, J., Jain K. & Olakh, D. (2019). An Overview on Role of Yellow Maize in Food, Feed and Nutrition Security. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(2): 3037-3048.
Kopp, C. (2021). The World's 6 Biggest Corn Producers. Retrieved on May 4, 2022 from https://www.investopedia.com
Magati, P., Lencucha, R., Li, Q., Drope, J., & Labonte, R. (2019). Costs, contracts and the narrative of prosperity: an economic analysis of smallholder tobacco farming livelihoods in Kenya. Tobacco Control, 28(3): 268-273.
Maguire, M. & Delahunt, B. (2017). Doing a thematic analysis: A practical, step-by-step guide for learning and teaching scholars. Ireland Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (AISHE-J), 8(3)
Mandal, A. M., Singh, O.P. (2020). Climate Change and Practices of Farmers of farmers’ to Maintain Rice Yield: A Case Study.
National Tobacco Adminastration, (2021). Frequently ask questions. Retrieved on May 4, 2022 from nta.da.gov.ph.
Paul, A., Sultana, N.N., &Nazir, N. (2021). Self-Reported Health Problems of Tobacco farmers in South-eastern Bangladesh. J Public Health, 29: 595-604. DOI: https://doi.org/10,1007/s10389-019-01159-0.
Rosali, M., Rabu, M., Adnan, M., & Nor, N. (2019). An Overview of the Grain Corn Industry in Malaysia. Retrieved on May 4, 2022 from https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/1377.
Salkind, N.J. (2010). Narrative Reasearch. Retrieved on April 16, 2022 on https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n259
Southern P.S. & Jackson, M. (1987) Control of Heliothis Virescens on Flue-Cured Tobacco using Bacillus Thuringiensis and a Cottonseed Flour Feeding Stimulant. Tobacco Science.
Statista, (2021). Corn Production Volume Philippines 2012-2021. Retrieved on May 4, 2022 from www.statista.com.
Statista, (2021). Tobacco production value in the Philippines 2011-2020. Retrieved on May 4, 2022 from www.statista.com.
Susanto, T. & Widayati, N. (2018). Quality of life of elderly tobacco farmers in the perspective of agricultural nursing: a qualitative study. Working with Older People. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/WWOP-01-2018-0002.
United States Department of Agriculture (2021). Feed grains Sector at a Glance. Retrieved on May 4, 2022 from www.ers.usda.gov
Viswanathan, A. (2020). Challenges faced in Tobacco Plantations and How Agtech Solves Them. Retrieved on April 5, 2022 from www.cropin.com
Whitty, E.B. (2019). Growing Tobacco in the Home Garden. Retrieved on July 13, 2022 from heirloom-organics.com